# UpCloud Starter 1 vCPU / 1 GB

[Frankfurt #1](https://www.rackcensus.com/locations/frankfurt-vps-benchmarks "Every provider in Frankfurt")

Benchmark complete

Finished Oct 7, 2026

Geekbench 7 single-core

Skipped

Geekbench 7 multi-core

Skipped

Disk 4K IOPS

19,945

fio random read and write, 50/50

Median here: 19,947 over 2 runs in 90 days

Monthly price at test time

€3.50 EUR

Same price today

## Server

[UpCloud](https://www.rackcensus.com/vps-providers/upcloud-benchmarks)[Starter 1 vCPU / 1 GB](https://www.rackcensus.com/plans/wn4ded-upcloud-starter-1-vcpu-1-gb-benchmarks?location=de-fra1)

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Provider

UpCloud

-

Plan

Starter 1 vCPU / 1 GB

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Location

Frankfurt #1

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vCPU

1

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RAM

1 GB

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Storage

10 GB

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Network

Unknown

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OS image

01000000-0000-4000-8000-000030240200

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Trigger

Scheduled

-

Queued at

Oct 7, 2026, 13:29:00 UTC

[Visit UpCloud](https://www.rackcensus.com/go/upcloud)

Referral link. If you sign up through it, I may get paid.

[Skip the referral](https://www.rackcensus.com/go/upcloud/direct)[How this works](https://www.rackcensus.com/transparency#referrals-heading)

## Latest runs of this plan

- [New York #1 Oct 8, 2026](https://www.rackcensus.com/benchmarks/stmvor-upcloud-starter-1-vcpu-1-gb-us-nyc1-benchmark)Skipped
- [Amsterdam #1 Oct 7, 2026](https://www.rackcensus.com/benchmarks/elq8tn-upcloud-starter-1-vcpu-1-gb-nl-ams1-benchmark)Skipped
- [San Jose #1 Oct 7, 2026](https://www.rackcensus.com/benchmarks/i7bhws-upcloud-starter-1-vcpu-1-gb-us-sjo1-benchmark)Skipped
- [New York #1 Oct 7, 2026](https://www.rackcensus.com/benchmarks/0nuc7d-upcloud-starter-1-vcpu-1-gb-us-nyc1-benchmark)Skipped
- [Amsterdam #1 Oct 6, 2026](https://www.rackcensus.com/benchmarks/bzrhso-upcloud-starter-1-vcpu-1-gb-nl-ams1-benchmark)Skipped

[Full history of this plan](https://www.rackcensus.com/plans/wn4ded-upcloud-starter-1-vcpu-1-gb-benchmarks/history)

## CPU

Geekbench was skipped because this plan has less than 2 GB of RAM, which isn't enough for Geekbench 7 to run without swap.

## Memory, TLS and scheduler

### Memory bandwidth (STREAM)

| Test | Result | Runs | Spread |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Copy higher is better | 31.2 GB/s | 3 | 1.55% |
| Scale higher is better | 20.3 GB/s | 3 | 0.566% |
| Add higher is better | 21.8 GB/s | 3 | 0.936% |
| Triad higher is better | 23 GB/s | 3 | 0.732% |

Average of 3 runs. Spread is the standard deviation as a share of the average.

### TLS and crypto (OpenSSL)

| Test | Result | Runs | Spread |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| RSA 4096 signs higher is better | 232/s | 3 | 0.302% |
| RSA 4096 verifies higher is better | 15,190/s | 3 | 0.111% |
| SHA-256 higher is better | 686 MB/s | 3 | 0.747% |
| AES-256-GCM higher is better | 3.52 GB/s | 3 | 0.401% |
| ChaCha20-Poly1305 higher is better | 1.78 GB/s | 3 | 0.481% |

Average of 3 runs. Spread is the standard deviation as a share of the average.

### Scheduler latency (schbench)

| Test | Result | Runs | Spread |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Request latency, median lower is better | 4.1 ms | 3 | 0.169% |
| Requests per second, 90th percentile higher is better | 242/s | 3 | 0.239% |
| Request latency, 99.9th percentile lower is better | 7.31 ms | 3 | 0.911% |
| Requests per second, average higher is better | 241/s | 3 | 0.0543% |

Average of 3 runs. Spread is the standard deviation as a share of the average.

## Disk

| Block size | Read | Write | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4K | 38.9 MB/s (9,961 IOPS) | 39 MB/s (9,984 IOPS) | 77.9 MB/s (19,945 IOPS) |
| 64K | 399.2 MB/s (6,386 IOPS) | 401.3 MB/s (6,420 IOPS) | 800.5 MB/s (12,806 IOPS) |
| 512K | 381.9 MB/s (763 IOPS) | 402.2 MB/s (804 IOPS) | 784.1 MB/s (1,567 IOPS) |
| 1M | 379.5 MB/s (379 IOPS) | 404.8 MB/s (404 IOPS) | 784.4 MB/s (783 IOPS) |

fio random read and write, 50/50, run by YABS against the boot disk.

## Network

### IPv4 transfer speed

Loading...

| Target | Protocol | Send | Receive |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Clouvider, London, UK (10G) | IPv4 | 871 Mbps | 1.16 Gbps |
| Eranium, Amsterdam, NL (100G) | IPv4 | 1.17 Gbps | 1.17 Gbps |
| Leaseweb, Singapore, SG (10G) | IPv4 | 1.05 Gbps | 990 Mbps |
| Clouvider, Los Angeles, CA, US (10G) | IPv4 | 998 Mbps | 1.07 Gbps |
| Leaseweb, NYC, NY, US (10G) | IPv4 | 1.09 Gbps | 1.12 Gbps |

Public iperf3 servers vary in capacity and availability. Compare a target only with itself over time.

## Datastores

### PostgreSQL

#### fsync speed (pg\_test\_fsync)

| Method | Operations per second | Time per operation |
| --- | --- | --- |
| One 8 kB write |
| --- |
| open\_datasync | 3,737 | 0.268 ms |
| fdatasync | 3,355 | 0.298 ms |
| fsync | 1,770 | 0.565 ms |
| fsync\_writethrough | Not supported here | n/a |
| open\_sync | 2,210 | 0.453 ms |
| Two 8 kB writes |
| --- |
| open\_datasync | 1,875 | 0.533 ms |
| fdatasync | 2,902 | 0.345 ms |
| fsync | 2,074 | 0.482 ms |
| fsync\_writethrough | Not supported here | n/a |
| open\_sync | 1,108 | 0.902 ms |
| open\_sync at different write sizes |
| --- |
| 1 \* 16kB open\_sync write | 1,763 | 0.567 ms |
| 2 \* 8kB open\_sync writes | 1,095 | 0.913 ms |
| 4 \* 4kB open\_sync writes | 524 | 1.91 ms |
| 8 \* 2kB open\_sync writes | 254 | 3.93 ms |
| 16 \* 1kB open\_sync writes | 112 | 8.94 ms |
| fsync on a non-write descriptor |
| --- |
| write, fsync, close | 1,879 | 0.532 ms |
| write, close, fsync | 1,854 | 0.539 ms |
| Non-synced 8 kB writes |
| --- |
| write | 537,390 | 0.002 ms |

pg\_test\_fsync against the Docker volume Postgres keeps its data on. fdatasync is Linux's default wal\_sync\_method.

#### pgbench at scale 10

| Workload | Clients | Transactions/s | Median | p95 | p99 | p99.9 | Failed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Read/write (TPC-B like) | 1 | 1,471 | 0.574 ms | 1.16 ms | 2.15 ms | 4.6 ms | 0 |
| Read/write (TPC-B like) | 8 | 2,718 | 2.61 ms | 4.89 ms | 7.16 ms | 16.8 ms | 0 |
| Read/write (TPC-B like) | 32 | 2,704 | 9.3 ms | 26 ms | 42.8 ms | 81.6 ms | 0 |
| Read only | 1 | 26,191 | 0.035 ms | 0.05 ms | 0.065 ms | 0.212 ms | 0 |
| Read only | 8 | 28,411 | 0.238 ms | 0.436 ms | 0.505 ms | 1.13 ms | 0 |
| Read only | 32 | 29,148 | 0.93 ms | 1.35 ms | 1.62 ms | 2.68 ms | 0 |

Scale 10 (1,000,000 accounts), loaded in 2.32 s. 60 s per run, prepared statements. Latency comes from sampled transaction logs, and p99.9 is left out when fewer than 1,000 were sampled.

#### pgbench at scale 100

| Workload | Clients | Transactions/s | Median | p95 | p99 | p99.9 | Failed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Read/write (TPC-B like) | 1 | 946 | 0.909 ms | 1.74 ms | 3.63 ms | 62.7 ms | 0 |
| Read/write (TPC-B like) | 8 | 1,903 | 3.43 ms | 6.5 ms | 12.3 ms | 82.9 ms | 0 |
| Read/write (TPC-B like) | 32 | 2,137 | 12.9 ms | 21.4 ms | 78.5 ms | 96.2 ms | 0 |
| Read only | 1 | 3,322 | 0.284 ms | 0.518 ms | 1.32 ms | 2.48 ms | 0 |
| Read only | 8 | 6,143 | 0.795 ms | 1.76 ms | 30.6 ms | 40.6 ms | 0 |
| Read only | 32 | 6,254 | 2.61 ms | 8.25 ms | 47.1 ms | 50.1 ms | 0 |

Scale 100 (10,000,000 accounts), loaded in 22.6 s. 60 s per run, prepared statements. Latency comes from sampled transaction logs, and p99.9 is left out when fewer than 1,000 were sampled.

### MySQL

#### sysbench OLTP

| Workload | Threads | Transactions/s | Queries/s | Median | p95 | p99 | Errors |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Read/write | 1 | 281 | 5,616 | 3.02 ms | 5.37 ms | 11 ms | 0 |
| Read/write | 8 | 467 | 9,339 | 16.1 ms | 25.3 ms | 35.6 ms | 0 |
| Read/write | 32 | 468 | 9,350 | 63.3 ms | 111 ms | 145 ms | 0 |
| Read only | 1 | 915 | 14,637 | 1.04 ms | 1.32 ms | 1.89 ms | 0 |
| Read only | 8 | 893 | 14,295 | 8.9 ms | 10.5 ms | 12.3 ms | 0 |
| Read only | 32 | 798 | 12,775 | 38.9 ms | 51 ms | 63.3 ms | 0 |

10 tables of 100,000 rows, loaded in 15.2 s. 60 s per run, one connection per thread.

### Redis

#### memtier

| Mix | Operations/s | Hits/s | Median | p99 | p99.9 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1:10 set:get | 35,506 | 32,277 | 1.7 ms | 3.25 ms | 5.34 ms |
| 1:1 set:get | 34,860 | 17,430 | 1.78 ms | 3.28 ms | 5.18 ms |

1,000,000 keys of 32 bytes. 64 connections over 1 thread, 60 s per ratio.

## Web frameworks

| Framework | Fortunes req/s | Single query req/s | JSON req/s | Fortunes p99 at 256 connections |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Next.js | The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown. |
| Express | The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown. |
| Fastify | The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown. |
| NestJS | The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown. |
| Nuxt | The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown. |
| FastAPI | The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown. |
| Django | The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown. |
| Rails | The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown. |
| Laravel | The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown. |
| Symfony | The results arrived but couldn't be read, so no numbers are shown. |

### WooCommerce

#### Page mix

| Step | Requests/s | Median | p95 | p99 | Error rate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 virtual users |
| --- |
| Home page | 1.22 | 1.21 s | 1.31 s | 1.33 s | 0% |
| Shop page | 1.22 | 1.58 s | 1.77 s | 1.8 s | 0% |
| Category page | 1.22 | 1.39 s | 1.62 s | 1.73 s | 0% |
| Product page | 1.22 | 1.2 s | 1.33 s | 1.39 s | 0% |
| Product search | 1.22 | 1.11 s | 1.22 s | 1.24 s | 0% |
| 32 virtual users |
| --- |
| Home page | 1.36 | 4.58 s | 5.15 s | 5.2 s | 0% |
| Shop page | 1.36 | 6.07 s | 6.97 s | 7.1 s | 0% |
| Category page | 1.36 | 5.75 s | 6.86 s | 7.04 s | 0% |
| Product page | 1.03 | 4.73 s | 4.99 s | 5.1 s | 0% |
| Product search | 0.907 | 4.51 s | 4.8 s | 4.85 s | 0% |

#### Cart and checkout

| Step | Requests/s | Median | p95 | p99 | Error rate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 virtual users |
| --- |
| Add to cart | 2.32 | 1.13 s | 1.33 s | 1.37 s | 0% |
| Cart | 2.32 | 1.19 s | 1.28 s | 1.32 s | 0% |
| Checkout | 2.32 | 956 ms | 1.07 s | 1.09 s | 0% |
| 32 virtual users |
| --- |
| Add to cart | 2.45 | 4.19 s | 5.21 s | 5.29 s | 0% |
| Cart | 2.45 | 4.83 s | 5.19 s | 5.23 s | 0% |
| Checkout | 2.45 | 3.8 s | 4.28 s | 4.33 s | 0% |

k6 with a fixed number of virtual users, 65 to 71 s per level. The error rate counts responses that weren't a 200.

## Advertised vs. measured

| Spec | Advertised | Measured |
| --- | --- | --- |
| vCPU | 1 | 1 |
| CPU | Shared vCPU | 0.3% of busy CPU time stolen |
| RAM | 1 GB | 849 MiB |
| Storage | 10 GB | 9.8 GiB |
| Architecture | x86\_64 | x86\_64 |
| Virtualization | KVM | KVM |

Guests usually report slightly less RAM and disk than advertised because of kernel reservations and filesystem overhead.

## Detected hardware

**CPU model:** AMD EPYC 7542 32-Core Processor

**CPU cores:** 1

**CPU frequency:** 2895 MHz

**AES-NI:** Yes

**VM-x/AMD-V:** No

**RAM reported:** 849 MiB

**Swap reported:** 0 MiB

**Disk reported:** 9.8 GiB

**Virtualization reported:** KVM

**CPU steal:** 0.3% of busy CPU time stolen

**Distro:** Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS

**Kernel:** 6.8.0-137-generic

**Architecture:** x86\_64

**IPv4 reachable:** Yes

**IPv6 reachable:** Yes

## Advertised at test time

**Plan:** Starter 1 vCPU / 1 GB

**Product line:** Starter

**Location:** Frankfurt #1

**vCPU:** 1 shared vCPU

**Architecture:** x86\_64

**RAM:** 1 GB

**Storage:** 10 GB

**Virtualization:** KVM

**Network:** Unknown

**Transfer:** 512 GB

**Port 25:** Unknown

**Monthly price at test time:** €3.50 EUR

**Hourly price at test time:** €0.0052 EUR

**YABS version:** v2026-09-20

**Ran at:** Oct 7, 2026, 13:32:49 UTC

**Parser version:** 5

## Run timeline

**Queued:** Oct 7, 2026, 13:29:00 UTC

**Server created:** Oct 7, 2026, 13:30:17 UTC

**First update from the server:** Oct 7, 2026, 13:30:17 UTC

**Completed:** Oct 7, 2026, 14:41:31 UTC

**Server deleted:** Oct 7, 2026, 14:41:31 UTC

**Cost of this run:** €0.0063 EUR

Tests 35 of 35 done Live output 691 lines

Setup 1 cores, 848.5 MiB RAM 4 of 4Done

Disk (fio) 81.7 MB/s at 4k, 822 MB/s at 1m 5 of 5Done

Network, IPv4 (iperf3) Median 1.05 Gbit/s send, 1.12 Gbit/s receive, 3 retried 5 of 5Done

Phoronix (memory, TLS, scheduler) 3 of 3Done

Datastores 5 of 5Done

Web frameworks 12 of 12Done

Finish Results saved 1 of 1Done

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